Study Guide 2022-2024

Biology, geography and geology are traditionally strong research areas at the University of Turku. The Doctoral Programme creates a diversified framework for natural scientific research in these disciplines and fosters interaction among them. Students of the doctoral programme get their PhD degree either in Biology, Environmental Science, Biodiversity Research, Geography or Geology.

The aim of postgraduate education is that the person who has completed it:

1. is well-versed in his/her own field of research and its social significance;
2. has gained knowledge and skills needed to apply scientific research methods independently and critically and to produce new scientific knowledge;
3. is conversant with the development, basic problems and research methods of his/her own field of research;
4. has gained such knowledge of the general theory of science and of other disciplines relating to his/her own field of research as enables him/her to follow developments in them;
5. has gained sufficient communication and language skills and other abilities to work in wide and demanding expert and development tasks and in international cooperation.

English

• Doctoral studies 40 ECTS
• Doctoral thesis and the public defence

• Doctoral dissertation and the public defence
• Doctoral studies 40 ECTS include:

• Studies Supporting Research Topic 20-34 ECTS
• Studies supporting mobility and professional career 2-10 ECTS
• General studies aiming for expertise 4-10 ECTS

Doctoral dissertation and the public defence The thesis may be in the form of either a monograph or a compilation of several scientific publications including a summary of the publications (detailing the objectives, methods and outcomes of the research as well as a review of them). The thesis may also contain manuscripts intended for publication, provided that a considerable number of them have been approved for publication in peer-reviewed publication series. If the thesis consists of joint publications, the student’s independent contribution to the shared article is detailed in a separate clarification.

Biology and Environmental Science: The education and research at the Department of Biology are wide-ranging and cover all the levels from cell and molecular biology, physiology and genetics to individual species, interaction between species and evolutionary phenomena on population and community level. In addition to humans and animals, the research topics cover plants and microbes and their environment. Research fields include human biological and cultural evolution, tropical ecology, biotic interactions (particularly plant-herbivore, and predator-prey, in marine and terrestrial communities), aquatic animal physiology and ecotoxicology and microbial genetics and evolution. Biodiversity Research. Research topics include e.g. the effect of climate change on subarctic biodiversity, the diversity of a wide range of taxa, and threats to the Archipelago Sea. Geography and Geology: The interdisciplinary research at the Department of Geography and Geology is focuses on the dynamic processes of the Earth at various scales of space and time. Main areas of research at Geography are innovation environments and urban geography, applied geographical information system science, riverine environments and coastal areas and environmental dynamics and global change. Main areas of research at Geology are the bedrock geology of Fennoscandia, crustal evolution, glacial sediments and deposits, construction suitability, structure and 3D-modelling of bedrock and superficial deposits, and historical environmental changes.

www.utu.fi/BGG sci-docstudies@utu.fi

The Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research (DPCR) promotes high quality clinical research and supports doctoral training in clinical medicine and other closely related research fields, focusing on the aetiology, diagnostics and treatment of diseases including translational medicine and studies on health service systems. A qualifying degree in medical science is not compulsory; applicants with qualifications from other disciplines (health sciences, biological sciences, medical physics, sports sciences, nutrition science, psychology etc.) are welcome, if the research topic of the applicant relates to medical questions or methods specific to clinical medicine. Doctoral researchers in DPCR pursue their doctoral degrees in the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Social Sciences, the Faculty of Science, the Faculty of Technology, or Turku School of Economics. Turku Brain and Mind is a sub-programme of DPCR.

A doctoral researcher who has completed their doctoral degree in the Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research will have a readiness to perform independent clinical or related research. They are able to critically assess existing research data, and are able to design relevant research proposals for obtaining missing information. During doctoral training, doctoral researchers will develop expertise and know-how in the following areas:

• knowledge in the causes of diseases, their prevention, and how to reduce their symptoms
• development of the diagnostics and treatment of diseases
• understanding outcomes of clinical research and ability to critically implement the results
• special characteristics of clinical research: practices, methods, and ethical norms regulating clinical research
• research in healthcare system development, function and effectiveness

English and Finnish

The Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research offers courses on clinical research practises and methods. The courses are planned and organised by the educational committee of DPCR and by Turku Clinical Research Centre [Turku CRC] (http://www.turkucrc.fi/en). Turku CRC is a joint administrative clinical research service unit governed by the University of Turku and the University of Turku Central Hospital. Research field specific training takes place within departments and institutions and in clinics, but may also contain courses, seminars, and national and international conferences in the doctoral researcher’s field of research. Suitable postgraduate courses are additionally organised by the Faculty of Medicine Postgraduate Education Unit [PGE] (https://www.utu.fi/fi/yliopisto/laaketieteellinen-tiedekunta/pge/kurssit), the University of Turku Graduate School [UTUGS], BioCity Turku, Turku Brain and Mind Center [TBMC] (https://www.utu.fi/en/university/turku-brain-and-mind-center), and by other Faculties at the University of Turku. Applicable training is also offered by clinical and health science oriented doctoral programmes in other universities and discipline-specific networks or scientific societies (e.g. Duodecim). It is recommended that doctoral researchers include at least five (5) credits of doctoral programme specific training in their postgraduate studies (40-50 credits). These five credits may include e.g.:

• How to Acquire and Present Knowledge in the 21st Century
• Other courses / course modules and seminars arranged by the DPCR
• Annual symposium of the doctoral programme
• Final Countdown – Finishing my PhD
• PET basics
• Statistics courses

The focus areas of the research and doctoral training are cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, paediatrics, orthopaedics and biomaterials, neuroscience and psychiatry, oncology, medical diagnostics and bioimaging and applications thereof, social and health system research, as well as reproductive and developmental medicine, epidemiology, public health, immunology, infectious diseases and allergies.

www.utu.fi/DPCR

The Doctoral Programme in Exact Sciences (EXACTUS) is responsible for doctoral studies in mathematical, physical, and chemical sciences covering a broad spectrum of subjects from pure mathematics, theoretical physics and astrophysics, through applied mathematics, statistics, observational astronomy and material research into organic chemistry.

The aim of postgraduate education is that the person who has completed it: 1) is well-versed in the field of research and its social significance; 2) has gained knowledge and skills needed to apply scientific research methods independently and critically and to produce new scientific knowledge; 3) is conversant with the development, basic problems and research methods of the field of research; 4) has gained sufficient knowledge of the general theory of science and other disciplines related to the field of research and is able to follow their progress; 5) has acquired the communication and language skills and other skills required in demanding international expert and development tasks and in international cooperation.

English and Finnish

Doctoral studies 40 ECTS Doctoral thesis and the public defence

Doctoral studies 40 ECTS include:

• Studies supporting research topic 20-34 ECTS
• Studies supporting mobility and professional career 2-10 ECTS
• General studies aiming for expertise 4-10 ECTS

Doctoral dissertation and the public defence

Doctoral dissertation and the public defence The thesis can be in the form of either a monograph or a compilation of scientific articles including a summary. If the thesis contains or is based on joint articles, a statement detailing the doctoral researcher’s contribution must be included. A minimum requirement in a compilation dissertation is three peer-reviewed articles, provided that the scientific quality and the doctoral researcher’s contribution are sufficient. Manuscripts can be included, but the majority of the articles should already have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication.

In the Doctoral Programme in Exact Sciences (EXACTUS) a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree can be completed in the following research areas (major subjects in parenthesis):

Materials Physics (physics, materials science)

• Magnetism and superconductivity, Nanophysics, Photoinduced dynamics in small quantum systems, Computational materials physics, Electrostatics, Porous materials, Pharmaceutical physics, Surface science, semiconductors surfaces and their interfaces with metal/insulator materials

Experimental Quantum Physics (physics)

• Atomic hydrogen, Quantum optics

Theoretical Physics (theoretical physics)

• Quantum optics, Open quantum systems, Complex systems, Quantum field theory, Quantum information theory and Mathematical quantum physics, Cosmology

Astronomy and Space Physics (astronomy, physics)

• Observational astronomy from radio to gamma-rays, Theoretical astrophysics and cosmology, High-energy astrophysics, Experimental and computational heliophysics

Chemistry of materials for sustainable development (chemistry)

• Chemistry of soft materials with emphasis on organic thin films and semiconducting composites, in situ spectroelectrochemistry, biodegradable electronics, bioinspired materials, deep eutectic solvents, applied NMR -Chemistry of inorganic materials with focus on photonic sensors and detectors, optical energy storage and conversion, biomimetic systems, molecular capture and storage.

Chemistry of Drug Development (chemistry)

• Bioorganic chemistry focusing on design and preparation of potential biopolymer-based drug candidates and drug delivery strategies.
• Radiopharmaceutical chemistry with emphasis of radiolabeling strategies, radiopharmaceuticals, theranostics and PET-imaging.
• Bioanalytical chemistry with emphasis of high throughput technologies, natural compound chemistry and chemical ecology.

Mathematics (mathematics)

• Analysis with emphasis on function spaces and partial differential equations and geometric function theory.
• Discrete Mathematics, including bio-inspired computing, cellular automata, coding theory, combinatorics on words, computability theory, data analytics, discrete dynamical systems, graph theory, logic and foundations of computing, network science, theory of automata.
• Number theory.

Applied mathematics (applied mathematics)

• Mathematical modelling, biomathematics, financial and insurance mathematics, optimization.

Statistics (statistics)

• Biometrics, econometrics and time series analysis, computational statistics and statistical data analytics, Bayesian analysis, theoretical statistics and statistical inference.

www.utu.fi/EXACTUS, sci-docstudies@utu.fi

Doctoral Programme in Law covers all disciplines of law and is responsible of the doctoral training as a part of the University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS).

Postgraduate studies 40 credits Doctoral dissertation and the public defence

Doctoral studies 40 credits include: • orientation (2 credits), • dissertation seminars (12 credits), • methodological studies (8 credits), • Ethics of Academic Research -course (2 credits) • Optional studies (16 credits)

Doctoral dissertation and the public defence

The Doctoral Programme in Nursing Science (DPNurs) educates researchers of nursing science for the national and international needs of the research field, as well as for social and health services, education, business, and industry. The doctoral programme supports expertise required in research activities and systematic career development in nursing science. DPNurs is well known for its research and education both nationally and internationally. It is also an integral part of the University of Turku Department of Nursing Science, which is among the best corresponding units in Finland and in Europe. Doctoral researchers in DPNurs receive high-level education in the area of the nursing science research programme Empowering Population, Patients, Professionals in Health and Care, and its eight sub-programmes:

• Ethical Health Care and Nursing
• Health in Early Life and Parenthood
• Digital Nursing Turku
• Mental Health and Technology
• Older Individuals' Health, Nursing and Services
• Quality of Clinical Nursing Care - Empowering Patient Education
• Health Care and Nursing Education Doctoral researchers are involved in the national and international nursing and health science community, where the Doctoral Programme in Nursing Science has strong integration. DPNurs is part of five networks of doctoral education in nursing science, which offer a wide selection of doctoral education:
• Finnish Doctoral Education Network in Nursing Science (covers all the Finnish universities providing doctoral education in nursing science)
• Baltic Sea Region Network in Personalized Health Care
• International Collaboration of Nurse Scholars ICoNS
• The European Academy of Nursing Science EANS
• Advances in Health Sciences – Nordic network

The aims of academic postgraduate education are defined in the Government Decree on University Degrees 1039/2013, 21 §. Graduates of academic postgraduate education are well-versed in their own field of research, adjacent fields of research and general scientific theory. They are able to independently and critically implement the methods of academic research in their discipline, can independently generate new knowledge, and are able to operate in broad and demanding expert and development positions, and in international cooperation. Doctoral graduates conduct ethical research and promote open science. They have networked nationally and internationally. In addition to scientific expertise, doctoral graduates have good transferable and working life skills. Doctoral researchers in DPNurs become high-quality experts who base their reasoning on health and nursing sciences. They have a deep understanding of approaches on health, humanity and nursing in different environments. DPNurs graduates are well-versed in science-based action in the areas of research, education, and health and social service systems, as well as in adjacent societal activities. DPNurs graduates are:

• able to recognise research problems within nursing science and their own research field
• able to implement the research methods of their discipline
• able to produce new, high-quality academic knowledge within nursing science and their own research field
• able to promote and supervise research in cooperation within the academic community
• in possession of the skills required for cross-disciplinary thinking
• able to analyse the knowledge they produce and its implementation within the fields of science and within applicable areas of health and social service systems
• in possession of the advanced writing and conversation skills required to participate in scientific and societal discourse

English and Finnish

The doctoral researchers of the Doctoral Programme in Nursing Science (DPNurs) pursue doctoral studies in the Faculty of Medicine. Doctoral researchers in the Faculty of Medicine follow the degree regulations stated on the Faculty's Academic Postgraduate Study Guide for 2022–2024. Annual progress reports, follow-up committee meetings as well as career and review discussions are implemented to monitor the progress of postgraduate studies and doctoral thesis work.

The Doctoral Programme in Technology (DPT) is a cross-disciplinary scientific platform promoting high quality and internationally recognized doctoral training in technology and natural sciences. The prominent disciplines and strengths of research of DPT cover different fields in Biosciences and Biotechnology, Computing, and Mechanical and Materials Engineering. DPT equips its graduates for academic and industrial career alike and strives for research that is academically interesting and/or industrially relevant. Doctoral dissertations are done within research projects under supervision of distinguished professors and researchers. Wide and long-term collaborations with researchers from international and national universities, research institutes and companies support networking of doctoral researchers during the doctoral dissertation. DPT aims at exploring synergy between diversified profiles of science disciplines and fields of technologies, strengthening the collaboration between different disciplines, increasing industrial collaboration, developing business skills, and cultivating the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. In the Doctoral Programme in Technology, it is possible to complete a Doctor of Philosophy degree or a Doctor of Science in Technology degree at the Faculty of Technology, or a Doctor of Philosophy degree or a Doctor of Science in Economics and Business Administration degree in the field of Information systems science at the Turku School of Economics.

The aim of postgraduate education is that the person who has completed it:

1. is well-versed in his/her own field of research and its social significance;
2. has gained knowledge and skills needed to apply scientific research methods independently and critically and to produce new scientific knowledge;
3. is conversant with the development, basic problems and research methods of his/her own field of research;
4. has gained such knowledge of the general theory of science and of other disciplines relating to his/her own field of research as enables him/her to follow developments in them;
5. has gained sufficient communication and language skills and other abilities to work in wide and demanding expert and development tasks and in international cooperation.

Furthermore, a doctor graduated from the Doctoral programme in Technology at the University of Turku is an ethical researcher, who promotes the openness of science. They have both national and international networks. In addition to scientific proficiency, they are well equipped for the working life.

English and Finnish

In the Faculty of Technology doctoral degree includes

• Doctoral thesis and the public defence 200 ECTS credits
• Doctoral studies 40 ECTS credits

At Turku School of Economics doctoral degree includes

• Doctoral thesis and the public defence 180 ECTS credits
• Doctoral studies 60 ECTS credits

Structure of doctoral studies (40 ECTS credits) in the Faculty of Technology:

• Studies in research topic 15-30 ECTS credits
• Studies supporting research area 3-10 ECTS credits
• Studies supporting mobility and professional career 2-10 ECTS credits
• General studies aiming for expertise 4/5-10 ECTS credits

Structure of doctoral studies (60 ECTS credits) at the Turku School of Economics

• General postgraduate studies 15 ECTS credits
• Postgraduate studies in major subject 32 ECTS credits
• Elective studies in postgraduate degree 13 ECTS credits

A doctoral thesis should demonstrate the doctoral researcher's deep understanding of the chosen research topic, their ability to design and conduct research independently and to apply scientific methods to solve research problems relevant for their research field. The requirements of the dissertation are described in more detail in the curricula of the doctoral programme.

Biochemistry: Protein Structure and Function; Interactions between Cell and Its Environment.

Biotechnology: Antibody and Protein Engineering; In vitro Diagnostic Assay and Platform Technologies; Luminescent Reporters; Clinical Diagnostics and New Biomarkers; Point-of-care Diagnostics; Molecular Diagnostics; Environmental and Food Diagnostics.

Computer Science: Natural Language Processing; Machine Learning and Data Analysis; Discrete Optimization and Probabilistic Inference; Interaction Design; Game Development; Learning Analytics and Educational Technology; Computational Humanities; Autonomous systems; Scientific programming.

Food Chemistry and Food Development: Chemistry and Biochemistry of Lipids; Secondary Metabolites of Foods; Food Development Research; Food Metabolomics; Health Effects of Foods.

Information and Communication Technology: Cyber Society and Digitalization; Security and Privacy; Communication and Security Engineering; Health Technology; Health Data Analytics; Digital Diagnostics; Internet of Things; Autonomous Systems and Robotics; Multi-Robot Systems; Embedded Intelligence; Cloud, Fog and Edge Computing; Software Engineering; Software Technology; Software Business; Mixed Reality.

Materials Engineering: Solar Energy Materials and Systems; Battery Materials and Technologies; Light-emitting Materials and Devices; AI-Driven Computational Materials Science.

Mechanical Engineering: Axiomatic design / engineering design; Computational Intelligence; Laser Based Advanced Manufacturing; Additive manufacturing; Digital Manufacturing; Virtual Manufacturing; Sustainable Manufacturing; Manufacturing Processes; Smart Systems; Robotics; Mechatronics; Human factor; Knowledge management.

Molecular Plant Biology and Sustainable Biotechnological Processes: Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology of Photosynthesis; Signaling and Regulation of Development and Stress responses; Synthetic Biology; Photosynthetic Cell Factories, Solar Chemicals and Fuels production, Phytoremediation.

Phonetics: Language Acquisition and Learning; Speech Perception and Production.

Information system science: Design and implementation of ICT-management and –governance; IS- and e-services user/customer behaviour; Work informatics and IS-ethics; E-health/-wellbeing.

Industrial Engineering and Management

English and Finnish

The studies for the degrees of Doctor of Science in Economics and Business Administration, Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of Social Sciences comprise of the following:

DOCTORAL DEGREE 240 cr

• 1.General postgraduate studies 15 cr
• 2.Postgraduate studies in major subject 32 cr
• 3.Elective studies 13 cr
• 4.Doctoral dissertation 180 cr

1. General postgraduate studies (minimum of 15 credits) can include

• YLJ courses offered by the Turku School of Economics
• Courses offered by the University of Turku Graduate School UTUGS or
• Courses offered by different doctoral training networks (e.g. KATAJA (http://kataja.eu), FDPE, FFA) or other Universities

There are two compulsory courses: Information Resources and Tools for Research (3 ECTS) and Ethics of Academic Research (2 ECTS).

2. There are minimum of 32 credits of studies in the major subject in the postgraduate degree. The studies in all major subjects consist of the following modules (each major subject defines the specific contents and requirements under the modules, and compulsory courses can be replaced by courses offered for example by KATAJA (http://kataja.eu) if just agreed beforehand with the responsible teacher):

• I.the core theoretical content and literature of the discipline 8-30 cr, including the Specialisation Area 1-12 cr
• II.research methodology and methods 6-20 cr
• III.research seminars 1-6 cr
• IV.other special skills 0-12 cr (Research Mobility and Networking 1-6 cr; Writing and Presenting an Academic Conference Paper 1-6 cr; Popularising Science 1-2 cr; Teaching Given by the Doctoral Candidate 1-6 cr; Professional Training as an Expert 1-6cr)

3. Postgraduate degree includes 13 credits of elective studies. These studies can be for example courses in the major subject or other subject, courses in general postgraduate studies or other courses at least on advanced level that support the research, doctoral studies and developing the transferable skills of the doctoral candidate. Elective studies may also include pedagogical studies. If the student completes 20 cr in general postgraduate studies and 40 cr in major studies, no elective studies are required.

More information about doctoral studies can be found from: https://www.utu.fi/en/university/turku-school-of-economics/research/doctoral-training

Researchers at the Doctoral Programme on Educational Policy, Lifelong Learning and Comparative Education Research (KEVEKO) conducts research on multi-disciplinary aspects in a culturally diversified environment.

KEVEKO provides high quality and comprehensive doctoral education under the guidance of distinguished professors and supervisors. Research support and various funding opportunities to internationalize various researches form the pillar of KEVEKO for a knowledge based professional programme.

Research themes of KEVEKO: 1) comparative and international studies of education and education policy, 2) studies equity and equality in education, 3) studies of educational exclusion and educational transitions of young and young adults, 4) studies of higher education and university institutions, 5) studies of special education and inclusiveness in schools, 6) studies of lifelong learning and working life,

The Doctoral Programme OPPI educates internationally oriented professional researchers and experts in learning, teaching and learning environments who promote development activity based on scientific evidence in different fields of education.

The research and doctoral training themes of the OPPI Doctoral Programme are: 1) studies of the long-term learning processes of basic skills (reading, mathematics, natural sciences) and the related motivation, metacognition and social processes; 2) studies of the possibilities of new technology in learning situations at schools, universities and working life and the reflection of social and technological changes in the development of expertise in different fields; 3) studies of teaching and teacher education, e.g. studies of teachers’ pedagogical thinking and ethical and moral challenges of teaching, learning in interaction, teaching and learning different school subjects, and studies of multicultural education and immigrants' educational paths.

The Doctoral Programme in Inequalities, Interventions and New Welfare State is a cross-disciplinary, international PhD programme aimed at educating specialists on these topics in social and behavioural sciences. It is located in the INVEST Research Flagship Center, the only Finnish research flagship in social and behavioural sciences, and utilizes its world-class top social and behavioural scientists for teaching and supervising students. The doctoral researchers of the doctoral programme pursue doctoral studies either in the Faculty of Social Sciences or in the Faculty of Medicine and supports doctoral training in the fields of social and behavioral science and other closely related research areas

The expertise and know-how of a doctoral researcher will develop in the following areas during the doctoral training period:

1. Social inequalities
2. Child and youth development in context
3. Welfare state services, benefits, and policy processes
4. Population and family demographics
5. Child and adolescent epidemiology
6. Prevention and intervention research
7. Advanced statistical methods
8. Causal inference and non-lab experiments

The requirements for a doctoral degree include a doctoral dissertation (200 ECTS) as well as major subject studies and other studies supporting the degree (40 ECTS). If the student’s prior degree is a licentiate degree, only the dissertation is required for a doctoral degree. The PhD students to be chosen to the program are expected to conduct obligatory studies during the first year of their participation to the programme, unless otherwise agreed with the Supervisors’ committee.

At the core of the training offering are postgraduate seminars organized by research group, where doctoral students present the progress of their work. In addition to subject-based seminars, the PhD program hosts thematic multidisciplinary workshops annually. The programme also offers foundational multidisciplinary theory and methods courses that aim to support students from different backgrounds in realizing the content and research of INVEST. The three cornerstones of this teaching are: The core theoretical content and literature of INVEST; introduction to the research methodologies of INVEST; Specialised methods and workshops hosted by INVEST. Studies specific to research topic (support thesis work):

• Research ethics
• Philosophy of science
• Programme’s postgraduate seminars and thematic workshops
• Studies in major subject, which need to be agreed on with supervisor. During the dissertation project a doctoral researcher needs to conduct a course on at least four of the eight topics listed above
• Methodological workshops Optional studies 10-20 ECTS Studies specific to research field (support the thesis and increase knowledge of one’s own major subject):
• other methodological studies
• academic writing and language studies supporting thesis work
• studies supporting knowledge of theory
• communications university pedagogics
• teaching and supervision of theses Mobility and specialist studies (support scientific and professional skills):
• national and international conferences research visits abroad
• internship as a specialist outside the university
• entrepreneurial studies
• manager training presentation skills

The doctoral researchers of Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP) carry out their doctoral studies in the Faculty of Medicine (PhD; MD, Phd; DODont, PhD), the Faculty of Science (PhD), or the Faculty of Technology (PhD, D.Sc. (Technology)) and follow the degree requirements of their own Faculty. In addition, the doctoral studies in the Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP) are guided by this more detailed curriculum. Doctoral researchers of DRDP carry out their doctoral studies in research groups with high scientific standards at the university and in companies. Each doctoral researcher focuses on a specific topic relevant for drug development, and the research project is planned with the supervisors. DRDP doctoral researchers work on target identification and validation, development and preclinical testing of novel drug molecules, clinical drug research, pharmacoepidemiology, and development of methods and diagnostics supporting drug research. DRDP training prepares for work in wide and demanding expert and development tasks in the field of drug development and research internationally. The graduates work in academic and commercial institutes, the health care sector and as regulatory authorities. DRDP training provides a general view of the drug development process, starting from molecular and mechanistic levels and continuing to preclinical and clinical drug research, pharmaceutical development, and pharmacoepidemiology, as well as transferable skills relevant to drug development. In addition, it provides networking opportunities locally, nationally and internationally and supports career planning in the field of drug research. DRDP serves as a postgraduate studies pathway for students in the Drug Discovery and Development track in the University of Turku Master’s Degree Programme in Biomedical Sciences, and offers a postgraduate studies path for graduates from other applicable degree programmes in biological or life sciences.

• Adoption of scientific reasoning and internalization of good scientific conduct (research ethics) • Ability to critically evaluate existing scientific knowledge and the results of own research • Knowledge and skills needed to apply scientific research methods independently • Good knowledge of the methods in drug research and drug discovery • Sufficient knowledge of the research methods in disciplines supporting drug research and drug discovery • Sufficient knowledge of developing and protecting innovations • Readiness to take part in the activities of the scientific community (conferences, research visits, laboratory courses, publishing, peer review etc.) • Good skills in oral and written scientific presentation • Ability to work in demanding and responsible tasks of an expert as a member of a multi-professional work community as well as in authoritative and corporate environments • Understanding of career paths and entrepreneurship in drug development • Basic skills in teaching and supervising

English, Finnish

DRDP offers specialist training in the field of drug development. Training is organized in cooperation with businesses in the pharmaceutical sector, officials, and FinPharmaNet, the national network of drug research doctoral programmes. Additionally, DRDP cooperates internationally with actors in drug research training in e.g. the Nordic countries. Doctoral researchers of DRDP are required to include at least 5 credits of doctoral programme specific training by DRDP in their postgraduate studies. At least 3 credits of this must be attained by attending DRDP Annual Meetings. In addition to this, doctoral researchers select general and research method training organized by faculties that supports their research, their growth as researchers, and the development of transferable skills applicable to working life. UTUGS also organizes general and transferable skill training for doctoral researchers. Doctoral researchers of DRDP are required to organize annual follow-up group meetings, and to report on said meetings on the UGIS system. DRDP recommends the first follow-up group meeting take place no later than 3 months after a doctoral researcher receives their study right. This allows the members of the follow-up group to familiarize themselves with the thesis project from the beginning, and to provide the best possible advice and support. Doctoral researchers may freely select research field specific training offered by faculties. DRDP recommends that doctoral researchers at the early stages of their studies deepen their knowledge of their research field by either participating in applicable courses or by taking a book exam. Additionally, DRDP and PGE organize annual teaching in drug research in the form of seminars, intensive days and workshops. Doctoral researchers of DRDP are expected to actively participate in the training described above. Research field specific training for DRDP doctoral researchers: PGS_2202 DRDP Annual meeting, 1–2 credits per year, 3–4 credits total PGS_2203 FinPharmaNet Annual meeting, 1–2 credits per year, 1–4 credits total PGS_2177 Introduction to translational pathology, 5 credits (online course) Other drug research training by FinPharmaNet DRDP book exams (1–6 credits): DRDP exam books Undergraduate courses in drug development suitable for doctoral researchers whose qualifying degree does not include studies in drug research or pharmacology: FALL3030 Introduction to Pharmacology (in Finnish), 9 credits DRUG0005 Principles of drug discovery and development, 5 credits DRUG0026 Drug Regulation, 4 credits DRUG0011 Clinical Trial design and clinical drug research, 5 credits Courses by the Faculty of Medicine suitable for research field specific studies: PGS_2241 Basic Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1 credit PGS_2242 Advanced Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2 credits PGS_2198 Basic Immunology, 2 credits PGS_2197 Advanced Immunology, 2 credits BIOT3011 Molekyylivirologia, (in Finnish), 2 credits BIOT3010 Antibody Therapeutics Recommended optional general studies: Language studies: KIEN3024 Writing Grant Proposals, 2 credits KIEN3025 Grammar for Academic Writing, 2 credits KIEN3041 English: Academic Presentation Skills 2 credits KIEN3023 English: Academic Writing for Researchers 2 credits Other language courses (e.g. study modules LTOH1301-9)

• Other language studies that support the doctoral researcher’s career development Teaching or supervising: Teaching in under- or postgraduate courses, maximum 8 credits E.g. Summer schools by Nordic Doctoral Training in Health Sciences, where DRDP doctoral researchers teach. Supervising advanced or Master’s level studies (Master’s thesis work), maximum 2 credits (based on a statement from supervisor) Pedagogical training, maximum 10 credits Pedagogical Skills training offered by UTUGS: YPEDA010 Yliopistopedagogiikan perusteet 10 credits YPEDA011 Becoming a Teacher 1 credits YPEDA012 How to plan my teaching 1 credits YPEDA013 Lecturing and expertise 1 credits YPEDA014 Basics of University Pedagogy 10 credits Faculty of Medicine specific pedagogy courses in Finnish: Leadership skills, maximum 10 credits Leadership studies included in Specialist training in Medicine or Dentistry, maximum 4 credits Finnish Reserve Officer training, 3 credits Minor in Management and Organisation offered by the Turku School of Economics Other leadership training Communication Skills Examples: UGSH0003 Elävää tiedettä – Tiedeviestinnän kurssi tohtorikoulutettaville, 2 credits HTDK0023 Tieteen popularisointi, 1 credits HTDK0040 Three Minute Thesis -harjoituskurssi, 1 credits LTOH1234 Yhteiskunnallinen vuorovaikutus 1-2 credits Entrepreneurship, Business, Rights and Law Examples: UGSB0001 Information Resources and Tools for Research 3 credits UGSB0004 Entrepreneurship for research professionals, 3 credits UGSB0005 Business essentials for scientists, 2 credits UGSO0004 Finding Joy and Productivity in Academic Writing? 1 credits UGSO0005 Intellectual Property Rights and Research 3 credits FUTS9014 FUTUJ1 Approaches to Scientific Futures Research, 4 credits A list of possible Research Methods training. Doctoral researchers may select courses that best fit their postgraduate degree. PGS_1819 Koe-eläimet (kurssi toimenpiteiden suorittajalle) 2-3 credits PGS_1675 Laboratory Animal Science Course (ENG), 2-6 credits PGS_1405 Tilastolliset perusanalyysit SPSS-ohjelmistolla, 1 credits PGS_1568 Tilastollisten analyysien jatkokurssi SPSS-ohjelmistolla, 1 credits PGS_1374 Statistical thinking and performing basic analyses using JMP, 2–3 credits PGS_1732 Kliinisen tutkimuksen statistiikan perusteet, 2–3 credits PGS_1800 Survival Analysis Intensive Course 1 credits PGS_1820 Tutkimusdatan keruu REDCap-järjestelmän avulla 1 credits (itsenäisesti suoritettava kurssi) PGS_1792 Tutkimusdatan keruu REDCap-järjestelmän avulla 1 credits BIMA5105 Fluorescence in Bioanalytical Research, 4 credits BIMA5101 Physical Basis of Medical Imaging, 4 credits BIMA3209 Bioimage Informatics 1, 5 credits BIMA3210 Bioimage Informatics 2, 4 credits PGS_1777 Väestötutkimuksen perusteet, 2 credits PGS_1786 Kliinisen tutkimuksen perusteet, 1 credits PGS_1709 PET basics, 2-3 credits PGS_1773 Literature reviews in health sciences 3 credits PGS_1805 Perusterveydenhuollon tutkijakurssi - kliinisen epidemiologian perusteet, 12 credits Applicable Jobitti courses Research Method Training by Doctoral programme
• Optional research method training as offered by doctoral programmes Other optional Research Method training The University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS) and the Faculty of Medicine Postgraduate Education Unit (PGE), as well as Turku BioNet organize general training for all doctoral researchers.

The main aim of the The Finnish Doctoral Programme in Oral Sciences (FINDOS-Turku) is to produce well-planned, supervised and high-level doctoral education in the field of oral sciences. The doctoral programme is aimed at doctoral researchers conducting studies in dentistry or in a subject related to oral health. The main research areas of the FINDOS-Turku doctoral programme are biomaterials science, infectious diseases of the oral cavity (HPV research, periodontology, probiotics), dental anxiety and fear and oral health promotion, craniomaxillofacial surgery, oral development and orthodontics, as well as oral pathology and oral radiology. Both preclinical and clinical research is carried out within the programme. Indeed, the aim of the programme is to promote exchange of knowledge and ideas between actors in fundamental and clinical research, and to improve the possibilities for translational oral research. Doctors graduating from the programme are needed as qualified teachers and researchers at Finnish universities, in the biotechnological industry, and in other areas of society. FINDOS-Turku is a part of the national doctoral training network FINDOS, due to which the programme has active cooperation with both national and international actors. The programme has close collaboration with other doctoral programmes in the Faculty of Medicine and in BioNet (University of Turku and Åbo Akademi biosciences), and with the InFLAMES Flagship. The activities of the FINDOS-Turku doctoral programme include clinical dental research carried out in cooperation with the The Welfare Division of Turku City and the clinics of Turku University Hospital. Around 90 supervisors representing the University of Turku, other Finnish and foreign universities, Turku University Hospital, and the private sector, provide support to doctoral researchers in FINDOS-Turku. Doctoral researchers in the programme must have a higher education degree in a relevant field (for example dentistry, medicine, biochemistry, biology, or biomaterials science). Those wishing to study for the degree of Doctor of Odontology or Doctor of Medical Science may apply for a study right before completing their qualifying degree (Licentiate of Odontology or Licentiate of Medicine). A person planning to pursue a doctoral degree may begin their postgraduate studies already before the completion of the licentiate degree. Depending on their qualifying degree, doctoral researchers will complete either the Doctor of Odontology, Doctor of Medical Science, or Doctor of Philosophy degree.

Graduates of the FINDOS-Turku doctoral programme have gained sufficient scientific knowledge and methodological abilities for conducting independent research, and can critically appraise existing information and form relevant research questions. They are also well versed in the scientific foundations of their field of research. Graduating doctors are familiar with relevant current research questions in odontology both nationally and internationally, and outside their specific field. Additionally, doctoral researchers whose qualifying degree is not in dentistry will become familiar with the most important basic concepts of odontology. FINDOS-Turku also encourages its students to network both nationally and internationally.

English and Finnish

FINDOS-Turku works in close collaboration with other programmes in the Faculty, as well as with Turku BioNet doctoral programmes. Postgraduate education in odontology is organised both locally and in national and Nordic collaboration. Courses suitable for general studies are offered by the University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), Faculty of Medicine Postgraduate Education Unit (PGE), Turku BioNet, and societies and foundations, such as Duodecim and Apollonia. General studies should support the dissertation work of doctoral researchers. In addition to the obligatory Philosophy of Medicine course, it is recommended that doctoral researchers in FINDOS-Turku complete at least 2 credits of studies in statistics, unless they have completed more than the obligatory statistics studies in their qualifying degree. Each doctoral researcher’s postgraduate studies should contain at least 5 credits of research field specific studies by the doctoral programme. Research field specific studies may include e.g. weekly FINDOS seminars, the annual FINDOS symposium and FINDOS-Turku seminar day for doctoral researchers and supervisors, the Apollonia symposium, International Association of Dental Research (IADR) meetings, and other training organised by local and national FINDOS or Apollonia. High quality training is also offered by Duodecim and other foundations, as well as in the BioCity Turku Frontiers of Science (FoS) seminars. Doctoral researchers in FINDOS-Turku are enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine. Regarding the requirements for the doctoral degree in the Faculty of Medicine, doctoral researchers follow the academic postgraduate study guide for 2022–2024. In addition to the study guide, doctoral researchers in FINDOS-Turku follow the Faculty of Medicine postgraduate curriculum for 2022–2024, and this more specific curriculum. Degrees pursued in FINDOS-Turku:

• Doctor of Medical Science (MD, PhD)
• Doctor of Odontology (DDS, PhD)
• Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Doctoral researchers of the InFLAMES doctoral module are completing their doctoral studies in the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Technology, or the Faculty of Science. The study requirements for doctoral researchers follow the study guide of each faculty for the years 2022-2024. In addition to the study guides, the studies of doctoral researchers of the InFLAMES doctoral module are guided by this preliminary curriculum. This doctoral module concentrated on doctoral education has been established in the InFLAMES Flagship, offering specifically targeted education for doctoral researchers in the fields of immunology, immunology-based drug development, and diagnostics. All doctoral researchers with a supervisor in the InFLAMES Flagship and a doctoral dissertation project belonging to the operational field of the flagship can apply for the module. The scope of the module is 15 ECTS credits. The module consists of multiple submodules from which a suitable study composition can be constructed. The completed credits can be included in the postgraduate studies required for a doctoral degree. The doctoral module does not cover all education necessary for a doctoral degree (40-50 ECTS credits) but supplements the postgraduate education offered by doctoral programmes and other entities. Doctoral researchers completing the module will remain in the doctoral programme they have been previously accepted in, and thus must also follow the specific guidance of each doctoral programme and faculty regarding the completion of their doctoral studies. The doctoral programmes covered by the doctoral module are 1) Drug Research Doctoral Programme (DRDP), 2) Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research (DPCR), 3) Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM), 4) Finnish Doctoral Programme in Oral Sciences (FINDOS Turku) and 5) Doctoral Programme in Technology (DPT). The goal of the InFLAMES doctoral module is to guarantee its participants high-level scientific postgraduate education in the fields of immunology, immunology-based drug development and diagnostics, preparing them for a career in academic research and for other career paths requiring higher-level expertise.

Upon completion of the module, doctoral researchers possess extensive knowledge and practical skills in basic, applied, and clinical immunology, and are familiar with the basic methods of immunological research. They can evaluate the latest immunological research in a critical manner, clearly communicate their own research to the scientific community as well as to a wider audience, and are aware of different career paths available to doctoral graduates with an immunological background. They know the importance of immunology from economical and societal perspectives, understand the life cycle of immunological diagnostics and drug development and the steps required to transform innovations into products for clinical use.

English, Finnish

The aim of postgraduate education is that the person who has completed it:

• is well-versed in his/her own field of research and its social significance;
• has gained knowledge and skills needed to apply scientific research methods independently and critically and to produce new scientific knowledge;
• is conversant with the development, basic problems and research methods of his/her own field of research;
• has gained such knowledge of the general theory of science and of other disciplines relating to his/her own field of research as enables him/her to follow developments in them;
• has gained sufficient communication and language skills and other abilities to work in wide and demanding expert and development tasks and in international cooperation.

In addition, a licentiate graduating from the University of Turku works ethically and promotes the openness of science. They are networked nationally and internationally. In addition to scientific expertise, they have good working life skills.

In the Faculty of Scinece and in the Faculty of technology the licentiate degree includes licentiate thesis (110 ECTS) and postgraduate studies (40 ECTS).

The licentiate degree shall include a licentiate thesis, in which the student demonstrates good conversance with the field of research and the capability of independently and critically applying scientific research methods.

The licentiate thesis may be a monograph or a compilation of several scientific publications including a summary of the publications (detailing the objectives, methods and outcomes of the research as well as a review of them). The publications may be collaborative, in which case the student’s independent contribution is detailed in a separate clarification. The licentiate thesis may also contain manuscripts intended for publication.

The aim is that it can be possible to complete the licentiate degree in two and a half years' full-time study pace after having accomplished a Master’s degree.

The doctoral researchers of the Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM) carry out their doctoral studies at the Faculty of Medicine. Doctoral studies at the Faculty of Medicine are conducted as stipulated in the Faculty of Medicine Academic Postgraduate Study Guide 2022-2024. In addition, doctoral studies in TuDMM are guided by this more detailed curriculum. Molecular medicine examines the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases at the molecular level. The various research areas covered by molecular medicine typically have a strong background in fundamental research, but heavy emphasis is also based on translational research, where the aim is to utilise the outcomes of fundamental research in clinical research, or to use clinical samples in trying to understand the basic mechanisms underlying disease processes and in identifying potential therapeutic targets. The Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine is a multidisciplinary programme, a combination of various biomedical fields and clinical research. The traditionally strong research areas of bio- and clinical medicine at the Turku Campus, such as cancer research, endocrinology and metabolism, immunology, microbiology, and connective tissue research, are all represented among the research groups affiliated with TuDMM. Depending on their qualifying degree, doctoral researchers in TuDMM complete a doctoral degree in Philosophy (PhD), Medical Science (MD, PhD), or Odontology (DDS, PhD). The aim of the Doctoral Programme is to offer a high-quality scientific postgraduate education, which provides the doctoral researchers with an ability to work as professional researchers in academia as well as in other career paths requiring high expertise. In cooperation with other doctoral programmes in the Turku area, TuDMM provides diverse and structured doctoral training both in general and discipline-specific studies. TuDMM also supports doctoral researchers at all stages of the doctoral dissertation process, and strives to promote internationalisation and preparedness for working life. Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine works together with other doctoral programmes operating in biosciences. Therefore, TuDMM offers productive opportunities for collaboration and networking with other students in our multidisciplinary and functional doctoral programmes. TuDMM is supported by the Biomedical Research Track. Aimed at students of medicine and dentistry, the Biomedical Research track strives to enable students to begin conducting postgraduate level research already during undergraduate studies. The Biomedical Research Track is completed in four semesters during courses C2–C5. The Research Track consists of 40 credits, which cover all required postgraduate studies for a doctoral degree at the Faculty of Medicine.

• Readiness to perform independent scientific research • Ability to critically evaluate existing scientific knowledge and ability to formulate relevant research plans to produce new knowledge • Basic skills in teaching and supervising • Good knowledge of the methods of the chosen research field • Sufficient knowledge of the bioscientific basis and general methods of molecular medicine (genetics, molecular biology, immunology, epidemiology etc.) • Readiness to take part in activities of the scientific community (conferences, research centre visits, laboratory courses etc.) • Good skills in oral and written scientific presentation • Adoption of scientific reasoning and internalisation of good scientific practice (research ethics) • Ability to work in demanding expert tasks

English, Finnish

The Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine offers doctoral researchers training in general studies, research methods, and research field specific studies, and takes part in planning and organising general doctoral training in cooperation with the other doctoral programmes at the Faculty. Doctoral researchers are expected to participate in 5 credits worth of research field specific training by the doctoral programme. Doctoral researchers in TuDMM are required to organise annual follow-up committee meetings, and to submit reports on said meetings on the UGIS portal. General studies suitable for doctoral researchers are organised by the Turku BioNet network, the University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), and the Faculty of Medicine postgraduate education unit (PGE). Research methods training suitable for TuDMM doctoral researchers: BIMA5105 Fluorescence in Bioanalytical Research, 4 credits BIMA5101 Physical Basis of Medical Imaging, 4 credits BIMA3209 Bioimage Informatics 1, 5 credits BIMA3210 Bioimage Informatics 2, 4 credits BIMA2111 Electron Microscopy in Biomedical Sciences, 3 credits Research field specific training: BIOT3011_Molekyylivirologia, 2 credits PGS_2198 Basic Immunology, 2 credits PGS_2197 Advanced Immunology, 2 credits PGS_2241 Basic Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1 credits PGS_2242 Advanced Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2 credits BIOT3010 Antibody Therapeutics, 3 credits BIOT3010 Antibody Therapeutics, 3 credits Research field specific training by the doctoral programme: Annual events:

• PGS_2196 TuDMM Seminar Day, 1–2 credits
• PGS_2200 TuDMM Summer School, 1–2 credits TuDMM book exams, 5–9 credits PGS_2206 Alberts B. et al.: Molecular Biology of the Cell. W.W.Norton&Company, 2022 – 9 credits PGS_2207 Robert A. Weinberg: The Biology of Cancer. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2nd edition, 850 sivua, 2014 – 6 credits PGS_2208 Abbas A.K. et al: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 10th edition, Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 600 sivua, 2021 – 5 credits

The doctoral researchers of the Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine (TuDMM) carry out their doctoral studies at the Faculty of Medicine. Doctoral studies at the Faculty of Medicine are conducted as stipulated in the Faculty of Medicine Academic Postgraduate Study Guide 2024-2027. In addition, doctoral studies in TuDMM are guided by this more detailed curriculum. Molecular medicine examines the aetiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases at the molecular level. The various research areas covered by molecular medicine typically have a strong background in fundamental research, but heavy emphasis is also based on translational research, where the aim is to utilise the outcomes of fundamental research in clinical research, or to use clinical samples in trying to understand the basic mechanisms underlying disease processes and in identifying potential therapeutic targets. The Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine is a multidisciplinary programme, a combination of various biomedical fields and clinical research. The traditionally strong research areas of bio- and clinical medicine at the Turku Campus, such as cancer research, endocrinology and metabolism, immunology, microbiology, and connective tissue research, are all represented among the research groups affiliated with TuDMM. Depending on their qualifying degree, doctoral researchers in TuDMM complete a doctoral degree in Philosophy (PhD), Medical Science (MD, PhD), or Odontology (DDS, PhD). The aim of the Doctoral Programme is to offer a high-quality scientific postgraduate education, which provides the doctoral researchers with an ability to work as professional researchers in academia as well as in other career paths requiring high expertise. In cooperation with other doctoral programmes in the Turku area, TuDMM provides diverse and structured doctoral training both in general and discipline-specific studies. TuDMM also supports doctoral researchers at all stages of the doctoral dissertation process, and strives to promote internationalisation and preparedness for working life. Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine works together with other doctoral programmes operating in biosciences. Therefore, TuDMM offers productive opportunities for collaboration and networking with other students in our multidisciplinary and functional doctoral programmes. TuDMM is supported by the Biomedical Research Track. Aimed at students of medicine and dentistry, the Biomedical Research track strives to enable students to begin conducting postgraduate level research already during undergraduate studies. The Biomedical Research Track is completed in four semesters during courses C2–C5. The Research Track consists of 40 credits, which cover all required postgraduate studies for a doctoral degree at the Faculty of Medicine.

• Readiness to perform independent scientific research • Ability to critically evaluate existing scientific knowledge and ability to formulate relevant research plans to produce new knowledge • Basic skills in teaching and supervising • Good knowledge of the methods of the chosen research field • Sufficient knowledge of the bioscientific basis and general methods of molecular medicine (genetics, molecular biology, immunology, epidemiology etc.) • Readiness to take part in activities of the scientific community (conferences, research centre visits, laboratory courses etc.) • Good skills in oral and written scientific presentation • Adoption of scientific reasoning and internalisation of good scientific practice (research ethics) • Ability to work in demanding expert tasks

English, Finnish

The Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine offers doctoral researchers training in general studies, research methods, and research field specific studies, and takes part in planning and organising general doctoral training in cooperation with the other doctoral programmes at the Faculty. Doctoral researchers are expected to participate in 5 credits worth of research field specific training by the doctoral programme. Doctoral researchers in TuDMM are required to organise annual follow-up committee meetings, and to submit reports on said meetings on the UGIS portal. General studies suitable for doctoral researchers are organised by the Turku BioNet network, the University of Turku Graduate School (UTUGS), and the Faculty of Medicine postgraduate education unit (PGE). Research methods training suitable for TuDMM doctoral researchers: BIMA5105 Fluorescence in Bioanalytical Research, 4 credits BIMA5101 Physical Basis of Medical Imaging, 4 credits BIMA3209 Bioimage Informatics 1, 5 credits BIMA3210 Bioimage Informatics 2, 4 credits BIMA2111 Electron Microscopy in Biomedical Sciences, 3 credits Research field specific training: BIOT3011_Molekyylivirologia, 2 credits PGS_2198 Basic Immunology, 2 credits PGS_2197 Advanced Immunology, 2 credits PGS_2241 Basic Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1 credits PGS_2242 Advanced Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2 credits BIOT3010 Antibody Therapeutics, 3 credits BIOT3010 Antibody Therapeutics, 3 credits Research field specific training by the doctoral programme: Annual events:

• PGS_2196 TuDMM Seminar Day, 1–2 credits
• PGS_2200 TuDMM Summer School, 1–2 credits TuDMM book exams, 5–9 credits PGS_2206 Alberts B. et al.: Molecular Biology of the Cell. W.W.Norton&Company, 2022 – 9 credits PGS_2207 Robert A. Weinberg: The Biology of Cancer. Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2nd edition, 850 sivua, 2014 – 6 credits PGS_2208 Abbas A.K. et al: Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 10th edition, Elsevier - Health Sciences Division, 600 sivua, 2021 – 5 credits

The aim of the Graduate School UTUGS is to provide systematic and high quality doctoral training for the doctoral researchers of the University of Turku. UTUGS organises courses on transferable skills to all doctoral researchers and early-stage researchers at the University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University (the courses offered by the Centre for Language and Communication Studies are intended only for doctoral researchers of UTU). Courses are offered in the following fields:

• Research Tools and Ethics
• Research Methods and Statistics
• Science Publishing and Communication
• Pedagogical Skills
• Entrepreneurship, Business, Rights and Law
• Courses organized by the Career Services Faculties and Doctoral Programmes can also offer courses that are open to all doctoral candidates. Please check their curricula for more information. If a doctoral researcher from another university wants to attend to a UTUGS course, she/he must apply well in advance a flexible study right (JOO). Please check the UTUGS webpages for more information on the Graduate School and the flexible study right: https://www.utu.fi/en/research/utugs/for-doctoral-researcher